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      <h1>Development - ODBC</h1>
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      <p><a href="#cli">Omnidex ODBC CLI</a></p>
      <p><a href="#function">Call-Level Interface (CLI) Function Calls</a></p>
      <p><a href="#cursors">Cursors</a></p>
      <p class="line">&nbsp;</p>
      <p>&nbsp;</p>
      <p>&nbsp;</p>
      <p>&nbsp;</p>
      <p>&nbsp;</p>
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      <h2>ODBC</h2>
      <p>Omnidex provides an ODBC driver for Windows client / server (any supported 
        server) applications. The Omnidex ODBC driver is based on the SQL 2 standard, 
        with most of the standard SQL functionality suuported, as well as some 
        additional, Omnidex specific, functionality.</p>
      <p>The Omnidex ODBC driver is used for applications using the ODBC CLI (Call 
        Level Interface) with a variety of programming languages including C, 
        C++, Visual Basic (ADO) and Cold Fusion.</p>
      <p>It is also used by third party container applications such as Cognos 
        Impromptu, Seagate Crystal Reports, and Microsoft's Access, Excel, Word, 
        and Query.</p>
      <p class="line">&nbsp;</p>
      <h3><a name="cli"></a>Omnidex ODBC CLI</h3>
      <p>Microsoft's ODBC is a database-independent callable API suite originally 
        developed to standardize database access on a Windows operating system. 
        ODBC eliminated the need to write customer drivers for each database system 
        and provided database vendors a means to support a broader range of application 
        programs.</p>
      <p>The SQL/Call Level Interface (SQL/CLI) was developed using Microsoft's 
        ODBC standard as a starting point, and modified to create an official 
        ANSI/ISO standard. Microsoft has since devolved ODBC to conform to the 
        official SQL/CLI standard, and expanded support to create ODBC/CLI, which 
        has become a very widely supported standard.</p>
      <p>Virtually all SQL-based database systems provide an ODBC/CLI interface 
        as one of their supported interfaces, and some DBMS brands have adopted 
        ODBC/CLI as their standard database API.</p>
      <p>Thousands of application programs support ODBC/CLI, including all of 
        the leading programming tools packages, query- and forms-processing tools 
        and report writers, and popular productivity software such as spreadsheets 
        and graphics programs.</p>
      <p class="line">&nbsp;</p>
      <h3><a name="function"></a>Call-Level Interface (CLI) Function Calls</h3>
      <p>The call-level interface (CLI) is a collection of application programming 
        interface (API) calls developed for database access that use function 
        calls to invoke dynamic SQL The important difference between the Omnidex 
        ODBC CLI and the CLI developed by other database vendors is that the Omnidex 
        ODBC CLI will work on any platform and against any database supported 
        by Omnidex. It does not use the Microsoft Driver Manager and can, therefore, 
        be used on a non-Windows machine like Unix or an HP3000 (HP3000 is no 
        longer supported as of Omnidex version 4.0).</p>
      <p>Every Omnidex ODBC CLI application must begin by obtaining a handle for 
        the environment and then a handle for the database connection. Memory 
        is allocated for these handles and the information they store. A statement 
        handle, used for processing SQL statements, will be obtained later in 
        the application. Every subsequent CLI call will be passed one of these 
        three handles.</p>
      <p>The environment handle must be the first handle established. It refers 
        to the data object that contains global information about the current 
        state of the application. The program allocates this handle by calling 
        the SQLAllocEnv() CLI function call. Only one environment handle can be 
        allocated per application, and it must be allocated before connection 
        handles can be allocated.</p>
      <p>The connection handle must be established after the environment handle, 
        but prior to any other CLI function calls. It refers to a data object 
        that contains information associated with a database connection. This 
        data object includes general status information and diagnostic information. 
        The program allocates each connection handle by calling the SQLAllocConnect() 
        CLI function call, and must allocate a connection handle for each connection 
        it makes to a database server. These connection handles are then used 
        to establish database connections and allocate SQL statement handles for 
        use within those connections.</p>
      <p>The statement handles refers to a data object that contains information 
        about an SQL statement. This data object includes information such as 
        the SQL statement text, any dynamic SQL statement arguments, cursor information, 
        bindings for dynamic SQL statement arguments and columns, result values, 
        and status information. A program allocates a statement handle by calling 
        the SQLAllocStmt() CLI function call; a statement handle must be allocated 
        for an SQL statement before that SQL statement can be executed. Also, 
        each allocated statement handle must be associated with a specific database 
        connection handle. The maximum number of statement handles that can be 
        allocated at any one time is limited only by the amount of available system 
        resources (usually stack space).</p>
      <p class="line">&nbsp;</p>
      <h3><a name="cursors"></a>Cursors</h3>
      <p>It is not necessary for an ODBC CLI application to implicitly open cursors. 
        Each time the SQLAllocStmt method is called, the Omnidex ODBC driver calls 
        oaopencursor. Each HSTMT object created with SQLAllocStmt, has its own 
        cursor and should therefore, be considered a cursor itself.</p>
      <p>Switching between cursors is simply a matter of referring to the different 
        HSTMT objects in the ODBC application.</p>
      <p>As noted above, it is not necessary for an ODBC CLI application to implicitly 
        open cursors. However, it is possible to do so by using an OPEN CURSOR 
        statement. The OPEN CURSOR statement is passed through an HSTMT object 
        in the same manner as any SQL statement that does not return a result 
        data set.</p>
      <p>To use a cursor that was opened implicitly through an OPEN CURSOR statement, 
        a SQL statement must append an ON CURSOR n clause to the end of the statement.</p>
      <p>Use a CLOSE CURSOR statement to close cursors that were implicitly opened 
        with the OPEN CURSOR statement.</p>
      <p>&nbsp;</p>
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