SQL Reference - SELECT Statement Syntax

Select-List Items

Distinct

Result set limiters

Column name(s)

Column name(s) with an alias

Table-qualified column name(s)

Table-alias qualified column name(s)

Aggregate Functions

SQL92-Compliant Functions

Omnidex Extended Functions

Literals

Expressions

$ROWID, $ODXID, $CURRENT_ROW

* (asterisk)

DISTINCT

Distinct can be applied to an entire select-item list or used within an aggregate function.

SELECT DISTINCT city, state FROM prospects

SELECT count(DISTINCT zip_code) FROM prospects

Result Set Limiters

Result set limiters limit the rows returned by the select statement. The result set limiter processing is done AFTER the query has completed.

TOP n, EVERY n, RANDOM n

SELECT TOP 10 company FROM prospects

SELECT EVERY 20 company FROM prospects

SELECT RANDOM 10 company FROM prospects

These result set limiters do not order returned data in any way. Ordering is set by the ORDER BY clause.

Column name(s)

Column names from one or more tables.

SELECT company, contact, phone FROM customers

SELECT company, contact, order_date FROM customers, orders ...

Column name(s) with an alias

An alias containing a space or special character must be quoted. Single or double quotes.

The AS keyword is optional.

SELECT company CO, contact 'Contact Name', phone "Phone Number" FROM ...

SELECT contact AS 'Contact Name', phone AS 'Phone #' FROM ...

Table-qualified column name(s)

SELECT customers.company, customers.contact, orders.order_date
FROM customers, orders ...

Table-alias qualified column name(s)

SELECT A.company, A.contact, B.order_date FROM company A, orders B ...

Aggregate Functions

• min()
• max()
• avg()
• sum()
• count()
• count(*)

SELECT customer_no, min(amount), max(amount), avg(amount)
FROM orders GROUP BY customer_no

SELECT company, sum(amount) FROM ...

SELECT count(*), count(state) FROM ...

SQL92-Compliant Functions

These functions can be used on literals or columns.

• CASE
• CAST
• CHARACTER_LENGTH | CHAR_LENGTH
• Concatenation using ||
• CURRENT_DATE
• CURRENT_TIME
• CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
• CURRENT_USER
• DECODE (SQL Plus Only)
• EXTRACT
• LOWER
• POSITION
• SESSION_USER
• SUBSTRING
• SYSTEM_USER
• TRIM
• UPPER
• USER

SELECT upper(company), upper(contact), current_date FROM ...

SELECT position('SYS' IN 'DYNAMIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS'), system_user FROM ...

Omnidex Extended Functions

These functions can be used on literals or columns

• $COLUMN_LENGTH | $COL_LEN
• $CONVERT
• $CURRENT_ROW
• $EXTERNAL
• $IFNULL
• $LJ
• $LPAD
• $MOD
• $PROPER
• $RANDOM
• $RJ
• $ROUND
• $RPAD
• $SEQUENCE
• $SOUNDEX
• $TRUNC

SELECT $proper(company), $random(3) FROM ...

SELECT $soundex('database') FROM ...

Literals

SELECT 'Company Name: ', company, 'Contact Name: ', contact FROM ...

Expressions

SELECT order_number, 'Discount: ', (quantity * amount)*.02 FROM ...

$ROWID, $ODXID

$ROWID returns the internal rowid. This is either the native rowid or the
re-defined rowid.

$ODXID is the Omnidex ID from the Omnidex indexes.

SELECT $ROWID, $ODXID, Company FROM ...

* (Asterisk)

SELECT * FROM CUSTOMERS ...

SELECT c.*, o.* FROM CUSTOMERS c, ORDERS o ...

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